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| Important! To Read! those tutorials about the night VFR and IFR ratings, and about flying the airliners are not as accurate and reliable than those dedicated to the VFR flights. It's because we really practised the VFR flights, as we didn't ever qualify for the night VFR and the IFR ratings nor any commercial license! Our tutorials about such flights are based on our VFR experience only, and augmented with data and readings taken from the Internet! People who would like to find in those the same level of accuracy and details than in our VFR tutorials, should better turn to further websites or source. People who are just looking for a honest level of realism might be satisfied already with the level of our tutorials about the night VFR, IFR flights, and the ones aboard an airliner |
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The Cessna Grand Caravan 208B entered production by 1985. A advanced type of a bush plane, she can board 6 passengers and cargo -or 12 passengers with no cargo- in the standard configuration. As its range is important and the ceiling is of 22,800 ft, the Cessna Caravan 208B is, with its characteristics adapted to rough runways like short takeoff ability, reinforced landing gear or a large fuel tank, is a plane appropriate to non-standard conditions flights. That tutorial about the Caravan 208B -which may be considered a adventure plane- could have been located in our IFR section. It is located in that section however because it necessitates that the pilot master commands relative to a turboprop plane -a plane that is which is powered by a jet engine the power of which, in that case, expresses itself through a propeller and not through gas ejection
The Cessna Grand Caravan is a turboprop plane. Controls, which are the typical ones aboard such a plane, are featuring the following settings. Like for any turboprop, engine gauges comprise the N1, or torque one, the RPM (through propeller pitch), ITT temperature, Ng ones and the oil pressure and temperature, and fuel flow ones
The Cessna Grand Caravan 208B also is featuring a annunciator, a A/P with a Flight Director as the ALT, climb rate and the other settings of the A/P are found with the radio panel. The Caravan 208B is featuring also a altitude radar which triggers a alarm at the DA or DH of a instrument approach. There is no separation between the flight deck and the cabin in a Caravan 208B as the plane is equipped with air conditioning. A extinctor is found both on the captain and FO's side. As the plane may often fly into icing conditions, it is equipped with a complete de-icing system, with a pitot heat, stall tip heat, wing lights and propeller de-icing and a wing leading edge inflatable de-icing device. There is no upper console in a Caravan 208B as the attention of pilots is required about both following points: they have to latch their seat in position for taxi, takeoff and landing, and they have to check that there are no contaminants -water included- in fuel and fuel system during the preflight check
Suivent nos checklists pour le Beechcraft King Air 350 (elles sont au format FS2002; sauvegardez vos originaux avant de les utiliser!)
 a Grand Caravan 208B over Kenya (non-clickable illustration) |
PreFlightThe captain and FO perform together a internal and external preflight check to make sure the plane is ready for flight. They then are checking the luggage and cargo loading. The passengers boarding is made under the control of the ground crew. There is no cabin crew aboard a Grand Caravan 208B. Such planes usually are managed by small companies as flights, generally, are prepared by pilots themselves
____________________________________ PRE-FLIGHT CHEKCLIST the captain and FO are performing the pre-flight check of the plane together. They then check the luggage (doors locked) and payload (secured) boarding. The passengers boarding is made under the responsability of the ground personal. They are no cabin crew aboard a Cessna Caravan 208 as the cabin calls are made by the captain inside the flight deck [ ] Parking Brake: APPLIED [ ] Fuel Selectors: BOTH OFF [ ] Fire Extinguishers: BOTH ON BOARD [ ] Battery: ON [ ] Flaps: FULL FLAPS [ ] Fuel Quantity: LIKE NEEDED [ ] Lights, Pitot, De-Icing System: ALL OFF [ ] Battery: OFF pre-flight check proper [ ] Fore Wheel, Main Landing Gear: VISUALLY OK [ ] Flight Planes, Rudder, Elevator: VISUALLY OK [ ] Flaps: VISUALLY OK [ ] Pitot, Stall, Lights: VISUALLY OK [ ] Antennae: VISUALLY OK [ ] Fuel Contaminants: SAMPLE IS OK
Pre-Engine StartOnce seated, pilots are starting flight operations
____________________________________ PRE-ENGINE START CHECKLIST [ ] Beacon: ON [ ] Pilots' Seats: SET [ ] Pilots Seatbelts and Harnesses: FASTENED [ ] Parking Brake: APPLIED [ ] Flight Controls: LOCKED [ ] Left Console Interruptors: ALL OFF [ ] Breakers: CHECKED [ ] Fuel Selectors: BOTH [ ] Emergency Gas Throttle: ON NORMAL [ ] Gas Throttle: IDLE [ ] Propeller Pitch: MAX [ ] Condition Lever: CUTOFF [ ] Fuel Cutoff: ON [ ] Battery: ON [ ] Flaps: NO FLAPS
Engine StartPilots now are starting the engine as the Caravan 208 does not need any pushback. The piloage either is of the IFR type, with the pilots flying along aerial routes according to a flight plan, or possibly of the high VFR type, pilots keeping a eye contact with ground. Pilotage may be helped through the A/P
____________________________________ ENGINE START CHECKLIST [ ] Emergency Gas Throttle: ON NORMAL [ ] Condition Lever: LOW IDLE [ ] Propeller Area: CLEAR [ ] Fuel Pump: ON [ ] Fuel Pump Light: ALLUME [ ] Low Fuel Press Light: LIGHT OFF [ ] Fuel Flow: VALUE [ ] Starter: PRESS ON (maintain pressed down until engine start) [ ] STARTER WORKING LIGHT: ON [ ] Oil Press: OK [ ] Ng: STABLE (12 percent MIN) [ ] Condition Lever: LOW IDLE [ ] Fuel Flow: OK (80-110 lbs/h) [ ] ITT: OK (1 090° C max) [ ] Ng: 52 percent MINIMUM [ ] Starter: STOP (STARTER WORKING LIGHT: OFF) [ ] Engine Gauges: CHECKED [ ] Generator: ON (GENERATOR OFF LIGHT: OFF) [ ] Fuel Pump: NORMAL (FUEL PUMP WORKING LIGHT: ON) [ ] Avionics Main Switch 1 & 2: ON [ ] Air Cond: SET [ ] Flight Deck & Cabin Temp: SET [ ] De-Icing System (of Which Inert. Sep.): SET [ ] Strobe: ON [ ] Lights: AS REQUIRED [ ] Succion Manometer: OK [ ] Seatbelt, No Smoking Signs, Cabin Call: OK [ ] Altimeter: OK [ ] Radios: SET [ ] A/P: SET [ ] IFR Clearance: CLEARED [ ] Transponder: SET [ ] Radios: CHECKED
TaxiOnce taxi clearance cleared, the plane is taxiing to the active runway. Should takeoff -or landing- occurs at a non-controlled terrain, pilots abide by the communication rules of that type of terrain, by radioing their intentions on a common frequency
____________________________________ TAXI CHECKLIST [ ] Taxi Clearance: CLEARED [ ] Taxi Lights: ON [ ] Cabin Call: PERFORMED [ ] Condition Lever: CHECKED LOW IDLE [ ] Brakes: CHECKED DURING TAXI [ ] HI, Turn Coordinator: CHECKED DURING TAXI
RunupThe runup checlist allow to configure the plane for takeoff
____________________________________ RUNUP CHECKLIST [ ] Parking Brake: APPLIED [ ] Pilots' Seats: LATCHED [ ] Flight Controls: UNLOCKED [ ] Flight Gauges: CHECKED [ ] Fuel Pump: ON NORMAL [ ] Fuel Selectors: CHECKED BOTH [ ] Fuel Quantity: AS NEEDED [ ] Fuel Cutoff: CHECKED ON [ ] Elevator Trim: AS REQUIRED [ ] Rudder Trim: AS REQUIRED [ ] Ailerons Trim: AS REQUIRED [ ] Flaps: 20 [ ] Gas Throttle: 400FT-LBS [ ] Succion Manometer: OK [ ] LOW TENSION LIGHT: OFF [ ] Engine Gauges: CHECKED [ ] Overspeed Regulator (non-modelized): STABILIZED 1750-60 RPM [ ] Gas Throttle: IDLE [ ] Pitot: ON (when ext temp < 40° F) [ ] De-Icing System: SET [ ] Propeller Pitch: FEATHER OK [ ] Air Cond: OK [ ] Flight Deck and Cabin Temp: OK [ ] Radios: SET [ ] A/P: SET [ ] Lights (of which strobe): CHECKED ON, AS REQUIRED [ ] Takeoff Clearance: CLEARED [ ] Transponder, Radios, A/P: OK OR RE-SET [ ] Takeoff Briefing décollage: PERFORMED [ ] Cabin Call: TAKEOFF IN MOMENTS
Pre-TakeoffThat checklist may be performed halted, after the previous one, or when rolling unto the active runway
____________________________________ PRE-TAKEOFF CHECKLIST is performed at the runup point, or while entering the active rwy [ ] Annunciator Lights: OFF OR CONSIDERED [ ] Condition Lever: HIGH IDLE [ ] Landing Lights: ON (TAXI OFF)
TakeoffFlaps settings are function of the useable runway length. A bush-type takeoff may necessitate that one alleviate the plane during the roll, through the control wheel, which allows for the shortest takeoff possible. Bush-type takeoffs suppose that you are mastering the Vx and Vy speeds (check at our tutorial 'The Miscellaneous Speed Types for A GA Plane')
____________________________________ TAKEOFF CHECKLIST [ ] Flaps: 0 A 20, AS REQUIRED FUNCTION OF RWY LENGTH [ ] Trims: OK [ ] Gas Throttle: TAKEOFF SETTINGS (1900 RPM) [ ] Annunciator Lights: CHECK [ ] Rotation: 70-75 kts IAS [ ] Climb Speed: 85-95 kts ISA (Flaps: 10 AFTER 85 kts, 0 AFTER 95 kts) [ ] Fuel Pump: OFF [ ] Gas Throttle: AS REQUIRED (1865 FT-LBS MAX) [ ] Propeller Pitch: 1900 RPM [ ] Climb Speed: 104 kts UNTIL 10000ft, 87 kts THEN and checklist proper [ ] Flaps: NO FLAPS [ ] Engine Gauges: CHECKED [ ] Fuel Pump: OFF [ ] Annunciator Lights: OK [ ] Pitot: CHECKED (40° F ext) [ ] De-Icing System: OK [ ] 10000ft: Landing Lights OFF [ ] as needed: ALTIMETER set [ ] as needed: cabin call
CruiseNo specific remarks
____________________________________ CRUISE CHECKLIST [ ] Gas Throttle: AS REQUIRED [ ] Propeller Pitch: 1600-1900 RPM [ ] Engine Gauges: CHECKED [ ] Autofeather: ARM [ ] Pitot: AS REQUIRED (40° F) [ ] De-Icing System: AS REQUIRED [ ] Strobe: OFF [ ] Fuel Tanks: CHOOSEN [ ] Air Cond: CHECKED [ ] Flight Deck and Cabin Temp: CHECKED [ ] Pilots Seatbelts and Harnesses: UNFASTENED 5.1 hrs at max cruise speed by 10000ft 6.6 hrs at max cruise speed by 18000ft 6.4 hrs at max range speed by 10000 pds 7.2 hrs at max range speed by 18000 pds (1350 ft-lbs, 1600 RPM = 164 kts 1025 ft-lbs, 1600 RPM = 145 kts)
Cruise ClimbNo specific remarks
____________________________________ CRUISE CLIMB CHECKLIST [ ] Gas Throttle: LIKE FOR 110-120 kts IAS [ ] Prop Pitch: 1600-1900 RPM [ ] (other possible settings)
DescentPre-descent phase, like for any flight, includes, among others, to contact the appropriate ATC to get clearance(s), frequencies, etc
____________________________________ DESCENT CHECKLIST the crew is contacting ATC to get descent and landing data [ ] Pilots Seatbelts and Harnesses: FASTENED [ ] Descent: CLEARED (frequencies, approach, transponder, A/P, etc SET) [ ] Strobe: ON [ ] Lights: AS REQUIRED [ ] De-Icing System: AS REQUIRED [ ] Altimeter: CHECKED [ ] Markers Circuit: ON [ ] Air Cond: CHECKED [ ] Flight Deck, Cabin Temp: CHECKED [ ] Approach Briefing: PERFORMED [ ] Autofeather: ARM [ ] Fuel Tanks Balance: CHECKED [ ] Gas Throttle, Propeller Pitch: DECREASE to a 130 kts IAS (900 ft-lbs/ 1700 RPM) descent speed [ ] Pitot: AS REQUIRED (40° F)
Pre-LandingThat checklist is bringing the plane into a downwind leg or the interception of a instrument approach, through successive speed reductions
____________________________________ PRE-LANDING CHECKLIST flying the approach (of which altimeter settings, landing light< 10000 ft, cabin call, etc) .when approaching the approach gate: 115 kts IAS, Flaps 0-10 .at the approach gate, 110 IAS, 10-20 . downwind leg or intercepting the instrument approach: 95 IAS, 20-30 checklist: [ ] Fuel Selectors: BOTH [ ] Condition Lever: HIGH IDLE [ ] Propeller Pitch: MAX [ ] Autofeather: CHECKED ARME [ ] Fuel Pump: ON [ ] VREF: CONFIRMED [ ] Flaps: 20-30 OR FULL FLAPS [ ] Landing Lights: ON [ ] De-Icing System: AS REQUIRED [ ] Cabin Call: LANDING IN MOMENTS
Normal LandingThe Grand Caravan VREF is between 75 and 85 kts. The Reverse action allows to decrease the braking distance
____________________________________ NORMAL LANDING CHECKLIST [ ] VREF: 75-85 kts IAS [ ] Landing: MAIN LANDING GEAR FIRST [ ] Gas Throttle: BETA plage after landing, and then REVERSE
Short LandingA short landing suppose that you master the Vso speed (check at our tutorial 'The Miscellaneous Speed Types for A GA Plane'). The short landing is exemplifying the capacities of the Caravan 208B
____________________________________ SHORT RUNWAY CHECKLIST [ ] Flaps: FULL FLAPS [ ] Speed: 78 kts IAS [ ] Gas Throttle: IDLE after possible obstacles [ ] Landing: MAIN LANDING GEAR FIRST [ ] Gas Throttle: BETA plage after landing, and then REVERSE [ ] Brakes: FULLY APPLY while maintaining elevator backwards [ ] Flaps: NO FLAPS for a optimal braking at light weight
Missed ApproachThat checklist is extent there due to the harsh conditions a bush plane may encounter at landing
____________________________________ MISSED APPROACH CHECKLIST [ ] Gas Throttle: FORWARDS -> 1 900 RPM [ ] Flaps: BACK TO 20 [ ] Climb Speed: 80 kts IAS MIN until no more obstacles [ ] Flaps: NO FLAPS at safety altitude
Runway ClearOnce the plane cleared the runway, pilots are taking the landing settings out as they now configure the plane for taxi. On a non-controlled terrain, pilots radio their intentions on a common frequency
____________________________________ RUNWAY CLEAR CHECKLIST [ ] Parking Brake: APPLIED [ ] Flaps: NO FLAPS [ ] Pitot: OFF [ ] De-Icing System: AS REQUIRED [ ] Strobe: OFF [ ] Cabin Call [ ] Landing Lights: OFF (TAXI ON) [ ] Fuel Pump: OFF [ ] Condition Lever: LOW IDLE [ ] Propeller Pitch: MAX [ ] Autofeather: OFF [ ] A/P, FD: OFF [ ] Transponder: 1200 [ ] Markers Circuites: OFF [ ] Taxi Clearance: CLEARED
Plane SecuredThe captain and FO together secure the plane. Passengers are unboarding under the responsability of the ground crew. Both pilots are performing a post-flight check together
____________________________________ PLANE SECURED CHECKLIST [ ] Parking Brake: APPLIED [ ] Taxi Lights: OFF [ ] Lights: OFF [ ] De-Icing System: OFF [ ] Air Cond, Temp: OFF [ ] Radios: LEAVING THE FREQUENCY [ ] Avionics 1 & 2: OFF [ ] Gas Throttle: IDLE [ ] Condition Lever: LOW IDLE [ ] ITT: STABILIZED AT MINIMUM TEMP DURING 1 MINUTE [ ] Propeller Pitch: FEATHER [ ] Condition Lever: CUTOFF AT MINIMUM TEMP AFTER 1 MINUTE [ ] Fuel Cutoff: OFF [ ] Generator: OFF [ ] Battery: OFF [ ] Fuel Selectors: BOTH OFF passengers are disembarking under the responsability of the ground crew. The captain and FO are performing together a post-flight check of the plane (with a special insistance upon flight planes, possible icing, the landing gear with front wheel status)Website Manager: G. Guichard, site Lessons In Microsoft Flight Simulator / Leçons de vol pour les Flight Simulator de Microsoft, http://flightlessons.6te.net.htm. Page Editor: G. Guichard. last edited: 5/27/2013. contact us at ggwebsites@outlook.com
